Summary

Transport activities have direct and indirect public health impacts, some of which are negative (e.g. air pollution) but others which are positive (e.g. increased physical activity). A well-designed transport system reduces reliance on non-renewable resources and fits into the natural and physical environment in ways which avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse effects. While New Zealand has guidance and tools to assess public health impacts associated with roading projects, impacts from land use are less well supported. As part of the Health Risks from Transport Emissions in New Zealand research project, Emission Impossible Limited (EIL) were contracted to undertake this brief literature review on quantifying the health impacts of land use and transport emissions, including the ability to consider the benefits of alternatives.