Greening, Gail

Papers in refereed journals, series or books:

• Greening GE and Wolf S. Calicivirus environmental contamination.  In: Caliciviruses: Molecular and Cellular Virology. Ed. Hansman GS, Jiang XJ, Green KY, Caister Academic Press, UK, 2010; Ch.2: 25-44.
• Greening GE, McCoubrey D-J. Enteric viruses and management of shellfish production in New Zealand. Food Environ Virol 2010; 2 (3):167-175.DOI: 10.1007/s12560-010-9041-6.
• Wolf S, Rivera-Aban M, Greening GE. Long-range reverse transcription as a useful tool to assess the genomic integrity of norovirus. Food Environ Virol. 2009; 1 (3-4): 129-136. DOI 10.1007/s 12560-009-9016-7. 
• Wolf S, Hewitt J, Greening GE. Viral multiplex quantitative PCR assays for tracking the sources of fecal contamination. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:1388-1394.
• Siebenga JJ, Vennema H, Zheng D-P, Vinjé J, Lee B, Pang X-L, Ho E, Lim W, Choudekar A, Broor S, Halperin T, Rasool N, Hewitt J, Greening GE, Jin M, Duan Z-J, Lucero Y, O’Ryan M, Hoehne M, Schreier E, Ratcliff RM, White P, Iritani N, Reuter G, Koopmans M. Norovirus Illness is a Global Problem; Emergence and Spread of Norovirus GII.4 Variants, 2001-2007. J Infect Dis 2009; 200(5): 802-12.
• Wolf S, Rivera-Aban M, Greening GE. Long range reverse transcription as a useful tool to assess the genomic integrity of norovirus. Food and Environ Virol 2009; DOI 10.1007/s 12560-009-9016-7.129-136.
• Greening GE, Hewitt J, Rivera-Aban M. Development of a detection method for noroviruses in shellfish for regulatory use in New Zealand. 2009. Proc 6th Int Conf Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Blenheim, Marlborough, NZ, Mar 2007. p17-22.
  McLeod C, Hay B, Grant C, Greening G, Day D. Inactivation and elimination of human enteric viruses by Pacific oysters. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1809-1818.
• Hewitt J, Rivera-Aban M, Greening GE. Evaluation of murine norovirus as a surrogate for human norovirus and hepatitis A virus in heat inactivation studies. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:65-71.
• Bidawid S, Bosch A, Cook N, Greening G, Taylor M, Vinje J. Editorial. Food Environ Virol 2009; 1:1-2.
  Whyte ALH, Hook GER, Greening GE, Gibbs-Smith E, Gardner JPA. Human dietary exposure to heavy metals via the consumption of greenshell mussels (Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791) from the Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand. Science of the Total Environment 2009; 407:4348-4355.
• McLeod C, Hay B, Grant C, Greening G, Day, D. Localization of norovirus and poliovirus in Pacific oysters. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106: 1220-1230.
• Wolf  S, Williamson W, Hewitt J, Lin S, Ball A, Scholes P, Savill M, Greening GE. (2008) Molecular detection of norovirus in sheep and pigs in New Zealand farms. Vet Microbiol 2009; 133:184-9
• Greening GE & Hewitt J. Norovirus detection in shellfish using a rapid, sensitive virus recovery method and real-time RT-PCR detection protocol. Food Analytical Methods. 2008;1:109-118.
• Wolf S, Hewitt J, Rivera-Aban M, Greening GE. Detection and characterization of F+ RNA bacteriophages in water and shellfish: application of a multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR. J Virol Meth 2008; 149:123-128
• Tu ET, Bull RA, Greening GE, Hewitt J, Lyon MJ, Marshall JA, McIver CJ, Rawlinson WD, White PA. Epidemics of gastroenteritis during 2006 were associated with the spread of norovirus GII.4 variants 2006a and 2006b. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:413-420.
• Hewitt J, Bell D, Simmons, GC, Rivera-Aban M, Wolf S, Greening GE. Gastroenteritis outbreak caused by waterborne norovirus in a New Zealand ski resort. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007; 73 (24): 7853-7857.
• Simmons GC, Garbutt C, Hewitt J, Greening GE. An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis linked to the consumption of imported raw Korean oysters. NZ Med J 2007;120: No.1264.
• Wolf S, Williamson WM, Hewitt J, Rivera-Aban M, Lin S, Ball A, Scholes P, GE. Greening. A sensitive multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of human and animal noroviruses in clinical and environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007;73: 5464-5470
• R. J.Webby, K. Carville, M. D. Kirk, G. Greening, R. M. Ratcliff, S. K.Crerar, K. Dempsey, M. Sarna, R Stafford, M. Patel, G. Hall. Internationally distributed frozen oyster meat causing multiple outbreaks of norovirus infection in Australia. Clin Infect Dis. 2007; In press.
• Greening GE . Human and animal viruses in food (including virus taxonomy). 2006. In Viruses in Foods, Ed. S. Goyal, publ. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. Chapter 2. p 5-42.
• GE Greening . Enteric viruses- a new hazard in our food? Food Australia 2006. 58 (12) 589-592.
• GE Greening . New approaches for the virological analysis of foods. Food Science & Technology 2006; 20: 47-50.
• Hewitt J, Greening GE . Determination of the effect of heat treatment on enteric viruses in mussels using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and cell culture. Journal of Food Protection. 2006: 69:2217-2223.
• Greening, GE , Todd AK, Hewitt J, Fernando, D. Survival and persistence of enteric foodborne viruses on fresh fruits and vegetables. August 2006. Final Report prepared for Institute of Life Sciences (ILSI) North America Technical Committee. Client Report FW0658.
• Huang QS, Greening G, Baker M, Grimwood K, Hewitt J, Hulston D, van Duin L, Fitzsimons A, Garrett N, Graham D, Lennon D, Shimizu H, Miyamura T, Pallansch M.  (2005) Persistence of oral polio vaccine virus after its removal from the immunisation schedule in New Zealand.  Accepted by Lancet. Published online 3 May 2005 at www.thelancet.com DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66386-6.
• Greening GE. Human and animal viruses in food (including virus taxonomy). (In press 2005). In Viruses in Foods, Ed. S. Goyal, publ.  Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. Chapter 2.
• Hudson JA, Billington C, Carey-Smith G, Greening G. Bacteriophage as Biocontrol Agents in Food: A Review. Journal of Food Protection 2005; 68:426-437.
• Greening GE, Lewis GD. Aquaculture and Mariculture. In Water and Health by W Grabow in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Developed under the auspices of UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK, http://www.eolss.net
• Hewitt J, Greening GE. Survival and persistence of norovirus, hepatitis A virus and feline calicivirus in marinated mussels. J Food Protection  2004; 67: 1743-50.
• Calder L, Simmons G, Thornley C, Taylor P, Pritchard K, Greening G, Bishop J. An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with consumption of raw blueberries. Epidemiol Infect 2003; 131:745-751.
• Greening GE, Hewitt J, Hay BE, Grant CM.  Persistence of Norwalk-like viruses over time in Pacific oysters grown in the natural environment. Proc. 4th Int. Conf Molluscan Shellfish Safety, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 2003. Ed: A Villalba, B Reguera, JL Romalde, R Beiras. p367-377.
• Hudson JA, Shaw I, Greening G.  (2003) What are the priorities for animal products food safety research?  Food New Zealand 3: 20-21.
• Greening GE, Hewitt J, Lewis GD. Evaluation of integrated cell culture-PCR (C-PCR) for virological analysis of environmental samples.  J Applied Microbiology 2002; 93; 745-750.
• Greening G, Hewitt J, Lewis GD. 2002. Seasonal presence of enteric viruses and F-RNA bacteriophage in New Zealand sewage. Enviro 2002: 11th Health Related Water Microbiology Symposium, International Water Association (IWA) World Water Congress 2002, Melbourne, Australia, 7-12 April 2002.
• McLean M, Hill P, Giles S, Roseveare C, Greening G, Palmer S. Norwalk-like virus gastroenteritis linked to a food handler. NZ Public Health Report 2001; 8:65-68.
• Greening GE, Dawson J, Lewis GD. Survival of poliovirus in New Zealand green-lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus, on refrigerated and frozen storage. J Food Protection 2001;64:881-884.
• Greening GE, Mirams M, Berke, T. Molecular epidemiology of ‘Norwalk-like viruses’ associated with gastroenteritis outbreaks in New Zealand. J Med Virology 2001; 64:58-66.
• Simmons G, Greening GE, Gao W, Campbell D.  Raw oyster consumption and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in New Zealand: evidence for risk to the public’s health. Aust NZ J Public Health 2001; 25: 234-240.
• Greening GE, Lewis GD. Environmental virology: a tool for improving public health & water quality management? Procs. NZWWA Water 2000 Conference, March 2000.
• Lewis GD, Molloy SL, Greening GE, Dawson J. Influence of environmental factors on virus detection by RT-PCR and cell culture. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 88: 633-640.
  

Conference papers and abstracts:

• Gail Greening. Survival and Persistence of Enteric Foodborne Viruses on Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Oral presentation. ILSI Symposium on Food borne Viruses and Foodborne Viral Infections, International Association for Food Protection Annual Conference, Calgary, Canada, August 13-16 2006.
• Gail Greening. Enteric viruses- a new hazard in our food? Invited oral presentation, 12th Australian Food Microbiology Conference / 2nd International Conference on Microbial Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, Sydney, 20-23 February, 2006.
• Gail Greening. New approaches for virological analysis of foods. Oral presentation, 12th Australian Food Microbiology Conference / 2nd International Conference on Microbial Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, Sydney, 20-23 February, 2006.
• Angela Steel, Joanne Hewitt, Fiona Kelliher, Gail Greening. Survival and persistence of enteric viruses on salad greens over time. Poster presentation, 12th Australian Food Microbiology Conference / 2nd International Conference on Microbial Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, Sydney, 20-23 February, 2006.
• Hewitt J, Greening G. Removal of Noroviruses, Adenoviruses and Enteroviruses in Wastewater buy Mew Zealand Sewage Treatment Plants . Poster paper at the NZWWA Conference, Auckland 28-30 September 2005.
• Faatoese A, Hewitt J, Steel A, Lewis GD, Greening GE. Prevalence of enteric viruses and F-specific RNA bacteriophage in New Zealand shellfish: Preliminary results. Poster paper. Health–related Water Microbiology Meeting, Swansea, UK, 9-14 September 2005.
• Hewitt J, Greening GE. Removal of noroviruses, adenoviruses and enteroviruses in wastewater by New Zealand sewage treatment plants. Poster paper. Health–related Water Microbiology Meeting, Swansea, UK, 9-14 September 2005.
• Hewitt J, Leonard M, Greening GE. Diversity of adenoviruses in influent and effluent sewage using culture, integrated cell culture (ICC)-PCR and direct sequencing. Health–related Water Microbiology Meeting, Swansea, UK, 9-14 September 2005.
• Hewitt J, van Duin LM, Greening GE, Huang QS. Environmental surveillance of the switch from oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in New Zealand. Poster paper. Health–related Water Microbiology Meeting, Swansea, UK, 9 14 September 2005.
• Faatoese A, Hewitt J, Steel A, Lewis GD, Greening GE.  Prevalence of enteric viruses and F-specific RNA bacteriophage in New Zealand shellfish: preliminary results. ISSC/ICMSS Joint Workshop on Molluscan Shellfish Safety: Special emphasis on vibrios and viruses. Point Clear, Alabama, USA, 10-12 August 2005.
• Greening GE, Hewitt J, Faatoese A. Application of real-time RT-PCR for detection of noroviruses in shellfish. ISSC/ICMSS Joint Workshop on Molluscan Shellfish Safety: Special emphasis on vibrios and viruses. Point Clear, Alabama, USA. 10-12 August 2005.
• Greening GE, Hewitt J, Faatoese A. Detection of norovirus in shellfish: Development of a method for regulatory use in New Zealand. ISSC/ICMSS Joint Workshop on Molluscan Shellfish Safety: Special emphasis on vibrios and viruses. Point Clear, Alabama, USA, 10-12 August 2005.
• Greening GE, Hewitt J, Steel A.  Increase in norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks and emergence of new norovirus variants in New Zealand. Communicable Disease Control Conference, Sydney, 2-4 May 2005.